A hormone called irisin, which is released into circulation during physical activity, may promote neuronal growth, which is critical for learning and memory.

“This raised the possibility that irisin may help explain why physical activity improves memory and seems to play a protective role in brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,” said Ottavio Arancio, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pathology and cell biology and of medicine at the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.

The study was published in Nature Medicine.